Application Service
Sometimes referred to as "Workflow Services" or "User Cases", these services orchestrate the steps required to fulfill the commands imposed by the client. While these services shouldn't have "business logic" in them, they can certainly carry out a number of steps required to fulfill an application need. Typically, the Application Service layer will make calls to the Infrastructure Services, Domain Services, and Domain Entities in order to get the job done.
The Application Service can only be called by the Controller. Since the Application Service orchestrates application workflow, it would make no sense for them to be called by the Domain Service (or even by themselves) - a workflow has only one single starting point; if an Application Service could be called by other entities within the domain model, it would imply that a workflow has an indeterminate number of starting points.
Software as a Service
Software as a Service (SaaS) is a software distribution model in which applications are hosted by a vendor or service provider and made available to customers over a network, typically the Internet. Base on underlying technologies that support Web services and service-oriented architecture (SOA) mature and new developmental approaches, such as Ajax